Method of making concrete or reinforced-concrete (ferroconcrete) piles.



""" v I WIMWIIIIIIIIW M lllllll W O WlLHELMl. METHOD OF MAKING CONCRETE 0R REINFORCED CONCRETE (FERROCONCRETE) PiLES.

'APPLLCATIOP FILED DEC. H. I913 1 213,441, Patented Jan. 23, 1917 UNITED STATES; rsrnn'r OFFICE.

o'r'ro wnlnnnmn or nucnmn swrrznnmnn, ASSIGNOR To THE mm or m'rmuumounts s ne-wannaALxEN-ensELLscnArr, or uonmm, swrrznntann.

METHOD OF MAKING CONCRETE R REINFORCED-CONCRETE (FERROCONCEETElI'IIQES.

Patented Jan. 23, 1917 Application filed December 11, 1913. Serial No. 806,011. i

To alt whom it ma?) concern it known that I, O'r'ro W'ILHELMI, subject of the Emperor of Germany, and resident of Meihofstrassc, Lucerrile, Switzerland, have invented certain new and use- (i'ul Improvements in Methods of Making Concrete or Reinforced-Concrete (Ferroconcrete) Piles, of which the following is aspecification.

The object of the present invention is an iu'iproved process for the manufacture in site of concrete, ferroconcrete, orthe like piles having an enlargement of the copcrete at the foot or other-point of the pie.

According to the invention 1' drive ere. cove-table feed pipe orshell into the ground.

I prefer to drive said. pipe'orsleeve Whlle.

the same contains a stake'f'or core asillustrated in Figure l of the putentto Abbptt,'

No. 887,175, so that when the core'is withdrawn tliere will be unearth within the shell. However, the shell may-. be driven without the core whenever circumstances a mahe'it seem preferable, andtlie earth within the shell removedby/the pneumatic procsee, the use of a wutetiet, unearth anger, or the point of the casing may be closed by a shoe or plug, which is removable, all as mentioned. in lines to 42, page 3, of the patent to (loldsborouglu No. 961,,492. I then fill the shell to the top with light concrete. The feed pipe is then raised a. certain distance and the whole space at the a top is filled with concrete or the like. The

pipe may able collar. The top is then sealed and pres sure applied in suitable inannery-e. 9., a rammer may be employed. This causes the liquid concrete which is in the earth beyond the feed, pipe to expand laterally to form an annular enlargement, The feed pipe is then. again raised, filled at the top and stamped down. These operations are repeated until finally the feed pipe is completely i'eiiun'cil. xwxlgc-slia r-wl members may be inserted in the liquid concrete to facilitate lateral oxe pansion. 'llheimproiuul method is illustrated in the accompanying drawing. v Fig. 1 is a sectional view of concrete pipe containing liquid concrete.- Fig. 2 is a sectional View showing, liquid cement contained in the pipe, the pipe raised and rebe provided at the top with a suit In some cases conical or from the lining "to the weight of the concrete column hel filled with concrete. Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the pile after smug been filled with concrete and the pipe'entirely with drawn. U

{1- is the lining; pipe l) a collar or thickemng of its upper edge, e the-concrete filling, (1 the subsequent filling and e, the iiiilonkey or rammer pressure punch or the (e. i Figs. and 2- show intermediate phases in making the piles, and Fig. 3 shows the finished pile.

By this improved method the concrete column '0 held by the lining pipe 11, is itself used as press rammer, so it is possible to dis pense with separate appliances for ex pelling the compressed concrete from the tube. while an excellent homogeneity of the concrete column at the base and in the direction of pressure is produced and any constr'iction and shearingoff is avoided. The

forcing down of the concrete column is ef fected by ramming or otherwise pressing on a. closing plate or short plug prqecting into the interior of the pipe and placed on the up er and of the tube.

n the drgigeary method of pile driving, concrete 1' red through a, linin or feed pipe, and Qurihg the ramming wit special ramming app ances the "concreteiscaused to yield lztterally. inside the, pipe until an appreciable "compression no longer. takes place. The concrete must, howeirer, be rammed through the lining pipe; While this. is simultaneously raised. As is .well known owing to the unavoidable compression'of the concrete constrictions and shenrings take place when drawing 'np'the feed pi.pe'. In this improved method howeverythe concrete is not rammed through thepipe, the "con- 96 'cretc standing in the earth sheath or lining p is rammed or pressed and laterally expandfed, but by means of the column of concrete filled in above it cannot escape at the top owing to the column of concrete which is pressed down by the ram and thus closed, and. it cannot escapedownward in the wrong direct-ion since the earth will have been packed tight by the-ramming of the feed tube.

tube-is forced down owin together by the lining tube which recewes temporary seal or load atthe top either by placing of the monkey thereon or otherwise, 10

The concrete column b freed ,also the pressure exerted so as to penetrate laterally into the walls of the pile hole. The

superimposed concrete column (which is constricted to a certain extent) can beregarded as a heavy press plunger. The lateral expansion of the concrete at the base is facilitated because in the previous formation of the pile hole in known manner by a preliminar driving pile,- the point of the. pile strong y compresses theground.

This method assumes the use ofliquid concrete wh'ch does not undergo compression like drier earth-moist concrete during the yrammingjthrough the pipe. It is well known that this compression causes a breaking or constriction of the concrete beneath the lower edge of the 'pipe, when the pipe is drawn up when there is the danger that the pile may thus become divided by a layer of ezrrth. Jf the ramming or pressing were onlyexerted on the concrete inside the lining pipe, as in the methods previously mentioned, the pressure would jam the concrete like water in a rubber tube thus causing an annular v pressure and the vertical components of pressure would diminish or be lost at the bottom. On the other hnnd concrete which is constricted'and prevented from expand-- ing laterally- (and the concrete in the lining tube must be regarded as such) can only exert the swelling or expanding action on the unconstricted portion, that is to so "on the concrete which is surrounded by t e .yieldin earth walls.

llaving now described my invention, what I desire to secure by apatent of the United States is:

1. A process ofmanuf'acturing monolithic piles which consists in" preparing a vertical opening in the ground lined by aslee've, filling the sleeve with a fluid concrete, raising the sleeve, refilling the sleeve with fluid con crete, and then simultaneously forcing said "concrete and sleeve into the ground, said sleeve being maintained openat its lower end during the remainder of the process at tensaid raising of the sleeve. A process ofmanufacturing monolithic 50 piles'which consists in preparing a vertical opening in the ground lined by a sleeve, fill-- ingsaid sleeve with a liquid plastic raising said sleeve a predetermined height, refilling said sleeve with plastic, then simultaneground and, repeating the operation until the ile formed} is composed entirely of plastic material said sleeve being, main- .ing said sleeve with a liquid plastic mass,

ously forcing said plastic and sleeve into the tained openat its lower end during there-j mainder of the process after said raising of co the sleeve. 3. A process of manufacturing monolithic piles which consists in pre ni'ing a vertical opening .in the ground line by a sleeve, fills raising said sleeve a predetermined height, refilling-said sleeve wlth a. plastic mass and then simultaneously forcing said sleeve and mass into the ground, said liquid plastic mass adapted to expand lateral and pro% vide-a'base section of enlarge cross-see tional area, the o crati on being repeated until the enlarged use area and colizlmn have i been entirelyfilled with said plastic mass, saidsleeve being maintained open at its=7 lower end during the remainder of the proc ess after said raising of the sleeve I 1 4. A process of manufacturing monolithic piles which consists in preparing a vertical 1 opening in the ground lined by a sleeve, providing a liquid plastic mass, filling said sleeve with said mass, raising said sleeve a predetermined height,. refilling said sleeve and simultaneously forcing said sleeve and mass into the ground the operation being re peatcd ,until the entire column is formed some portion of the coliunn termed ofiliq hid plastic mass being of a grez-iter cross-sectional area than the-other portion of the column, said sleeve beingu'iaintained openat its lower end during the remainder of the; process after said-raisin" of the "sleeve. v '5. A process of manui hcturing'monolithi piles-which consists in preparing a vertical opening in the ground linedby a-sleeve,--fill-- ing saidsl'eevc with auplastic mass,- raising 4 sa d sleeve. a ipred'etern'iined' height, refil l-'c ingsaid sleeve with said plastic mass then simultaneously forcing said sleeve and mass into theground to its original depth, then again' ra1sing said sleeve apredetermined height. and refilling the same with said plastic. mass and again forcing said sleeve andmass intq the'ground thereby laterallyv expanding the base of. the pile to beformedto a descri d, said sleeve being maintained open at, its lower end durin" the rei'nainderof the process after said rais ng of the sleeve.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature 1-16 i pjxedetermined' Width, substantially "as 

